The intragastric exposure of Quackenbush SPECIAL (QS) mice to alcohol both under short-term (6-day period, 3.0 g/kg, but not 1.5 g/kg, body weight/day through gestation days GD 7 to GD 12) and long-term (15% ethanol in drinking water beginning several weeks before mating and continuing in to pregnancy) conditions, reduced the weight, size, and protein content of GD 12 embryos, and the weight of GD 18 embryos. Compared to control, the incidence of brachydactyly with delayed ossification was also significantly greater in embryos chronically exposed to alcohol (45% vs. 6.7%). The short-term and long-term exposure regimens produced incidences of only 1% and 5.8% respectively, of forelimb ectrodactyly in GD 18 embryos. It was concluded that alcohol exerts embryo growth retarding effects in pregnant QS mice without inducing a high incidence of skeletal defects. Thus, the QS mouse could serve as an excellent model to resolve the mechanisms whereby alcohol induces pre - and post-natal growth restrictions during pregnancy.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

In the Islamic philosophy and Sufism there has. put forward different points of view on the unity and multiplicity of existence. This paper seeks to develop the above-mentioned subject in a comparative discussion. To achieve this, it first refers to the point of view ascribed to the Peripateticism, and next it indicates the viewpoint of the transcendent theosophy; then, it explains the viewpoint of Sufism and finally, comparing the two recent points of view, it attempts to show their similarities and differences.

Mullā Sadrā appeared in the philosophical field when the prevalent philosophical questions were principality of existence and principality of quiddity. Although he first held the theory of principality of quiddity, later in a cognitional rotation he accepted the theory of principality of existence. Such a rotation gradually causes a wide revolution in the realm of philosophy, and consequently it yields principles such as unity of existence, ANALOGICITY of existence, and intensification of existence. He propounds external objectivity of existence, knowledge, beauty and other qualities of perfection as his philosophical principles. Thus, due to Mullā Sadrā 's basic principles, we can attain to principles such as principality of beauty, unity of beauty, ANALOGICITY of beauty, and intensification of beauty.      

Social life makes people’s transactions inevitable. These transactions put people under debt as well as make them creditors. Therefore, people's belonging is not always pure, and always includes some debts. Sometimes, these debts are paid by the debtor's own will, but in some cases such as bankruptcy or death, liquidation does not take place willingly. In these cases, the insufficiency of debtor’s belonging is either evident or probable; so creditors may face with injustice. As a result, liquidation in these situations needs to be SPECIAL. In this SPECIAL liquidation, for maintaining equality among debtors, some specific measures such as the impartially of the liquidator and the unity of courts which carries on the whole procedure, shall be taken into consideration. In this paper, first the concept of SPECIAL liquidation will be explained, and then examples of it will be counted. At last, its regulations will be studied.

The years 2020 and 2021 will be recorded and remembered for unprecedented challenges, restrictions, disruptions, and changes the world pandemic, COVID-19, has brought about. This global crisis has had profound impacts on education and has changed its future landscape. Readers interested in reading more broadly on the impact of COVID-19 on different aspects of education and in other contexts might want to read some recent publications. These publications include, for example, Gary (2021) on the impact of COVID-19 on university admission and placement tests; Harry (2020) on the impact of COVID-19 on Dutch higher education; and Jung et al. (2021) on COVID-19 pandemic and higher education Hong Kong. Educators worldwide have figured out how to deal with the new pandemic and design online education systems to meet different stakeholders' needs. . .